The museum was founded at the Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine in 1989. On display here are surgical and other medical devices and equipment used for various purposes and in different historical periods; personal collections of professors and lecturers of the Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine; photo-iconographic material; pharmaceutical collections; and much more. The museum has an area dedicated to one of the former deans of the Faculty of Medicine, Professor Salezijus Pavilonis, which recreates the working environment of his study, displays an old typewriter from the pre-war period, writing tools and other personal items.

One of the oldest exhibits in the museum is the medical book by P. Verheyven Corporis Humani Anatomia..., published 300 years ago (1699) in Leipzig. The museum also preserves an exceptionally rare publication and photo album on brain research by Marshal Jozef Pilsudski.